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Fraternité 2020
Fraternité 2020 (F2020) was a European Citizens' Initiative initiated at the Young European Citizens’ Convention, Cluny 2010.〔http://www.e-urope.net/f2020/〕 The convention was awarded French national winner of the European Charlemagne Youth Prize in 2011.〔http://www.charlemagneyouthprize.eu/view/en/previous_winners/pre_winners_2011/national_winners_2011.html〕 F2020's objective was to enhance EU exchange programmes such as Erasmus or the European Voluntary Service (EVS) to contribute to a united Europe based on solidarity among citizens. It was declared Europe's very first ECI on May 9, 2012, and boasts registration number ECI(2012)000001 in the Commission's ECI database. To be successful, it needed to collect 1 million signatures before November 1, 2013. This target was not reached. The number of signatures actually collected was 71,057.
==Background==
Geographic mobility in the EU is considered rather low.〔Bonin, H., W. Eichhorst, C. Florman, M. O. Hansen, L. Skiöld, J. Stuhler, K. Tatsiramos, H. Thomasen, and K. F. Zimmermann. “Geographic mobility in the European Union: Optimising its economic and social benefits.” IZA Research Reports (2008). Available at: http://www.iza.org/en/webcontent/publications/reports/report_pdfs/iza_report_19.pdf〕 The success of exchange programmes like Erasmus can be said to be limited, with less than 1% of all students in the EU participating in an Erasmus exchange in 2006.〔Statistical Office of the European Communities. The Bologna Process in Higher Education in Europe: Key Indicators on the Social Dimension and Mobility. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009. Available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-78-09-653/EN/KS-78-09-653-EN.PDF〕 One factor why the Erasmus Programme is not better received by students across Europe has been suggested to be inadequate financial support.〔West, A., and E. Barham. “Student mobility, qualifications and academic recognition in the EU.” Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice 16, no. 1 (2009): 25-37.〕 Another statistics illustrating the low geographical mobility in the EU is the share of EU citizens living in other EU countries. On average, only 2.3% of the total population of the EU27 were citizens of another EU member state in 2008.〔Vasileva, Katya. “Citizens of European countries account for the majority of the foreign population in EU-27 in 2008.” Eurostat Statistic in Focus, no. 94 (2009). Available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-09-094/EN/KS-SF-09-094-EN.PDF〕
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